Influences on mumblecore įilms that have been described as influencing, or at least anticipating, the conventions of mumblecore include Girlfriends (1978), Manhattan (1979), My Dinner with Andre (1981), Stranger Than Paradise (1984), Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989), Slacker (1991), Clerks (1994), Go Fish (1994) and Before Sunrise (1995). Plots are often concerned with difficulties in romantic relationships, exacerbated by the characters' inability to articulate their own desires. Mumblecore films tend to revolve around characters in their twenties and early thirties who are usually single, white, and fairly aimless in both their professional and personal lives. Soundtracks tend to be limited, or nonexistent. Many of these films are shot digitally, although Bujalski's films have all been shot on film. Filming is done in real places, as opposed to studio sets or sound stages. Mumblecore films are generally produced with a low budget, which has ranged from several thousand to several million dollars as well as low production values. Some mumblecore films feature a prominent use of improvisation, with the cast sharing script credits, though some, like Andrew Bujalski's films, are mostly scripted. Early mumblecore films tended to feature non-professional actors however, later films have had more professional actors, including major stars such as Anna Kendrick ( Drinking Buddies and Happy Christmas) and Orlando Bloom ( Digging for Fire). Naturalism – both in performance and dialogue – is a key feature of almost all mumblecore films. The related term mumblegore has been used for films mixing the mumblecore and horror genres. The genre is a mostly American phenomenon. ![]() In many cases, though, these directors reject the term. Filmmakers associated with the genre include Andrew Bujalski, Lynn Shelton, the Duplass brothers Mark and Jay, Greta Gerwig, Aaron Katz, Joe Swanberg, and Ry Russo-Young. ![]() Mumblecore is a subgenre of independent film characterized by naturalistic acting and (sometimes improvised) dialogue, low budgets, an emphasis on dialogue over plot, and a focus on the personal relationships of young adults.
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